Exercise 3

Create a passage / writing that describe the concept of "love"  [ chili ]

Love is like chili.

It is hot. It stimulus our appetite.

The more you get it, it is too hot.

If get not enough, it is tasteless.

Create a passage / writing that describe the concept of " Life " [Candle]

Life is like candle.

You will never know when it will blows.

How merges go wrong ?

Exercise ~
Choose two different animals, combine and merge their characteristic together to make an new animal that people didn't see it before. Draw a picture for it. The chosen animals must be the animals that can't live when they stay together. Explain for it.

Exercise For Juxtaposition

Juxtaposition : It's refers to the stimulation of creativity in problem solving, design or other creative pursuit by confronting two unrelated concepts or objects, usually the goal or problem to be solved on the one hand and a randomly selected object or concept on the others.
Exercise 1 
Step 1
Choose three pairs of number from 00 until 99
     47, 59, 16


Step 2
See what is the word which the number shown ~

Step 3

Write out the six words ~

   47 = Light & Tree

   59 = Fire & Rain

   16 = Flower & Spider

Step 4

Create a sentence using the two random words.

   47 = The light is shine to the tree.

   59 = There is a fire rain.

   16 = The flower is planted by the spider.

Step 5

Create an image

Lesson 5 & 6

Juxtaposition
Juxtaposition can be defined as placing two variable, side by side and their contrast or similarity are shown through comparison. Many creative processes rely on juxtaposition. By juxtaposition two objects or words next to each other, human brain will associate or transfer meaning.
A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side as a juxtaposition of words.


Example : 
 <<----unfamiliar
             Aim : ( cute )

<<---familiar

--> The act of juxtaposing is to place two objects or word next to each other. When 2 things post side by side, your brain try to figure what is the relationship between these two?

--> What automatically happen is that there is transferences of meaning. Usually from something familiar to something less familiar. ( What is the relationship? Or the meaning or the similarities? )

Visual Puns

Creating an artwork in which several visual forms which look alike are connected and combined so as to bring out two or more possible meaning.

A visual pun is a pun involving an image or images (in addition to or instead of language).

Visual puns in which the image is at odds with the inscription are common in Dutch gable stones as well as in cartoons such as Lost Consonants or The Far Side. European heraldry contains the technique of canting arms, which can be considered punning.

Analogy ----> Metaphor

                /

                L-->  Similes

Metaphor is a concept of understanding one thing in terms of another. A metaphor is a figure of speech  that constructs an analogy between two things or ideas; the analogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other word. For example: "Her eyes were glistening jewels".

Metaphor also denotes rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, comparison or resemblance. (e.g : antithesis, hyperbole, metonymy and simile, which are all type of metaphor)

Similes is a figure of speech that indirectly compares two different things by employing the words "like", "as", or "than". Even though similes and metaphors are both forms of comparison, similes indirectly compare the two ideas and allow them to remain distinct in spite of their similarities, whereas metaphors compare two things directly. For instance, a simile that compares a person with a bullet would go as follows: "Chris was a record-setting runner and as fast as a speeding bullet." A metaphor might read something like, "When Chris ran, he was a speeding bullet racing along the track."

A mnemonic for a simile is that "a simile is similar or alike."

Analogy (from Greek "ἀναλογία" – analogia, "proportion") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analogue or source) to another particular subject (the target), and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, where at least one of the premises or the conclusion is general. The word analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often, though not necessarily, asimilarity, as in the biological notion of analogy.

Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, decision making, perception, memory, creativity, emotion, explanation and communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in face perception and facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition".Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like,as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them. Analogy is important not only in ordinary language andcommon sense (where proverbs and idioms give many examples of its application) but also in science, philosophy and the humanities. The concepts of association, comparison, correspondence, mathematical and morphological homology, homomorphism, iconicity, isomorphism, metaphor, resemblance, and similarity are closely related to analogy. In cognitive linguistics, the notion of conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy.

Analogy has been studied and discussed since classical antiquity by philosophers, scientists and lawyers. The last few decades have shown a renewed interest in analogy, most notable in cognitive science.

Analogies :

i ) Logical Analogies

ii ) Affective Analogies

. Logical Analogies .

Exp : A bird can be compared to an airplane because both can move on air.

. Affective Analogies .

Exp : The girl is playful like a Monkey.

Creative Thinking

What is Creativity?

An Ability. A simple definition is that creativity is the ability to imagine or invent something new. As we will see below, creativity is not the ability to create out of nothing (only God can do that), but the ability to generate new ideas by combining, changing, or reapplying existing ideas. Some creative ideas are astonishing and brilliant, while others are just simple, good, practical ideas that no one seems to have thought of yet.Believe it or not, everyone has substantial creative ability. Just look at how creative children are. In adults, creativity has too often been suppressed through education, but it is still there and can be reawakened. Often all that's needed to be creative is to make a commitment to creativity and to take the time for it.
An Attitude. Creativity is also an attitude: the ability to accept change and newness, a willingness to play with ideas and possibilities, a flexibility of outlook, the habit of enjoying the good, while looking for ways to improve it. We are socialized into accepting only a small number of permitted or normal things, like chocolate-covered strawberries, for example. The creative person realizes that there are other possibilities, like peanut butter and banana sandwiches, or chocolate-covered prunes.
A Process. Creative people work hard and continually to improve ideas and solutions, by making gradual alterations and refinements to their works. Contrary to the mythology surrounding creativity, very, very few works of creative excellence are produced with a single stroke of brilliance or in a frenzy of rapid activity. Much closer to the real truth are the stories of companies who had to take the invention away from the inventor in order to market it because the inventor would have kept on tweaking it and fiddling with it, always trying to make it a little better.
The creative person knows that there is always room for improvement.

What is creative thinking?

Creative thinking is the process which we use when we come up with a new idea. It is the merging of ideas which have not been merged before. Brainstorming is one form of creative thinking: it works by merging someone else's ideas with your own to create a new one. You are using the ideas of others as a stimulus for your own.

This creative thinking process can be accidental or deliberate.

Without using special techniques creative thinking does still occur, but usually in the accidental way; like a chance happening making you think about something in a different way and you then discovering a beneficial change. Other changes happen slowly through pure use of intelligence and logical progression. Using this accidental or logical progression process, it often takes a long time for products to develop and improve. In an accelerating and competitive world this is obviously disadvantageous.

Using special techniques, deliberate creative thinking can be used to develop new ideas. These techniques force the mergance of a wide range of ideas to spark off new thoughts and processes. Brainstorming is one of these special techniques, but traditionally it starts with unoriginal ideas.

Developments of products occur much more rapidly using these deliberate techniques than by accident. Many people known for being creative use these techniques, but are not aware they are doing so because they have not been formally trained in them. If you use these deliberate techniques during advanced brainstorming sessions then you too will be more creative.

With practice, ongoing creative thinking (the continuous investigation, questioning and analysis that develops through education, training and self-awareness) occurs all the time. Ongoing creativity maximizes both accidental and deliberate creative thinking. Ongoing creativity takes time and deliberate practice to become skillful at, but it's surprising how quickly it becomes an attitude, not a technique.

The first step to take is to learn the creative thinking techniques so that you can deliberately use them to come up with new ideas. You will then be at an immediate advantage over those who don't know how to use them. You should then practise the techniques to increase your skill at ongoing creative thinking. (After a while you may even find it unnecessary to use specific techniques because you may be having too many ideas anyway.)

Question 1:
 How do you put a giraffe into a refrigerator? 
Answer: Open the refrigerator, put the giraffe in, and close the door.

This question tests whether or not you're doing simple things in an overly complicated way. 


Question 2:
 How do you put an elephant into a refrigerator? 
 Answer: Open the refrigerator, remove the giraffe, put the elephant in and close the door. You couldn't possibly fit both the giraffe and the elephant in the refrigerator. This question tested your foresight. 


Question 3:
 The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All the animals attend except one. Which animal does not attend? 
Answer: The elephant. Remember, the elephant is in the refrigerator! This question tested your ability for comprehensive or 'prerequisite-causation' thinking. 


Question 4:
 There is a river filled with hungry crocodiles. You do not have a boat. How do you cross it? 
Answer: Simply swim through it. Remember, all the crocodiles are attending the animal meeting! This question tested your reasoning ability. 

Videos ~

Let see some of the creative videos ~

Mind Mapping ~。

Mind Mapping ~ 。
- Mind mapping introduced by Tony Buzan is a great tool for idea generation and brainstorming. It enhance both sides of the human brain and widely used intaking notes, research or generating new ideas. A creative Mind Map is able to stimulate and create interest to the individual and also to the viewer.

Mind map actually can help us a lot in brainstorming ideas. We can use mind map to explore and develop ideas for a specific problem, use it to think, take notes during discussions and summarize books and papers. All the branch of the mind map maybe not related but each branch give us a different idea. We can quickly identify, prove and understand the structure of a subject. Mind maps encourage creative problem solving, summarizing information, and thinking through complex or difficult problems. 

Mind Maps are also useful for:

• Summarizing information.
• Consolidating information from different research sources.
• Thinking through complex problems.
• Presenting information in a format that shows the overall structure of your subject.

There are three types of Mind map

1. Logical mind map
2. Associated mind map
3. Logical mind map & Stereotypes

Rule of Logical mind map

- always have your subject in the center of the page.

- try to make the object more dominant than the other.

Improving your Mind Maps

Your Mind Maps are your own property: once you understand how to make notes in the Mind Map format, you can develop your own conventions to take them further. The following suggestions may help to increase their effectiveness:

• Use single words or simple phrases for information: Most words in normal writing are padding, as they ensure that facts are conveyed in the correct context, and in a format that is pleasant to read. In your own Mind Maps, single strong words and meaningful phrases can convey the same meaning more potently. Excess words just clutter the Mind Map.
• Print words: Joined up or indistinct writing can be more difficult to read.
• Use color to separate different ideas: This will help you to separate ideas where necessary. It also helps you to visualize of the Mind Map for recall. Color also helps to show the organization of the subject.
• Use symbols and images: Where a symbol or picture means something to you, use it. Pictures can help you to remember information more effectively than words.
• Using cross-linkages: Information in one part of the Mind Map may relate to another part. Here you can draw in lines to show the cross-linkages. This helps you to see how one part of the subject affects another.

Definition Of Stereotypes 

~ A conventional, formula, and oversimplify conception, opinion, or image.

A stereotype is a commonly held popular belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of "stereotype" and "prejudice" are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions.

Example

Stereotyping goes way beyond race and gender. Consider conversations you have had about people from the next town, another department in your company, supporters of other football teams, and so on.  

Description

Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people whereby we attribute a defined set of characteristics to this group. These classifications can be positive or negative, such as when various nationalities are stereotyped as friendly or unfriendly.

It is easier to create stereotypes when there is a clearly visible and consistent attribute that can easily be recognized. This is why people of color, police and women are so easily stereotyped.

People from stereotyped groups can find this very disturbing as they experience an apprehension (stereotype threat) of being treated unfairly.

We change our stereotypes infrequently. Even in the face of disconfirming evidence, we often cling to our obviously-wrong beliefs. When we do change the stereotypes, we do so in one of three ways:

• Bookkeeping model: As we learn new contradictory information, we incrementally adjust the stereotype to adapt to the new information. We usually need quite a lot of repeated information for each incremental change. Individual evidence is taken as the exception that proves the rule.
• Conversion model: We throw away the old stereotype and start again. This is often used when there is significant disconfirming evidence.
• Subtyping model: We create a new stereotype that is a sub-classification of the existing stereotype, particularly when we can draw a boundary around the sub-class. Thus if we have a stereotype for Americans, a visit to New York may result in us having a ‘New Yorkers are different’ sub-type.

We often store stereotypes in two parts. First there is the generalized descriptions and attributes. To this we may add exemplars to prove the case, such as 'the policeman next door'. We may also store them hierarchically, such as 'black people', 'Africans', 'Ugandans', 'Ugandan military', etc., with each lower order inheriting the characteristics of the higher order, with additional characteristics added.

Stereotyping can go around in circles. Men stereotype women and women stereotype men. In certain societies this is intensified as the stereotyping of women pushes them together more and they create men as more of an out-group. The same thing happens with different racial groups, such as 'white/black' (an artificial system of opposites, which in origin seems to be more like 'European/non-European').

Stereotyping can be subconscious, where it subtly biases our decisions and actions, even in people who consciously do not want to be biased.

Stereotyping often happens not so much because of aggressive or unkind thoughts. It is more often a simplification to speed conversation on what is not considered to be an important topic.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Class Activities ~

A mortar and pestle?

A mortar and pestle is a tool used to crush, grind, and mix solid substances (trituration). The pestle is a heavy bat-shaped object, the end of which is used for crushing and grinding. The mortar is a bowl, typically made of hard wood, marble, clay, or stone. The substance to be ground is placed in the mortar and ground, crushed or mixed with the pestle.

Mortar and pestle can be use as :

- medical use

- food preparation 

Class Exercise ~

mind map

Here is my avatar drew by Weiting .

Creativity

 Today class, we learn about Creativity. Creativity is the generation of new ideas or a new way of doing things

.

Defining Creativity
~ a method of thinking
~ passion to create something new
~ something new of innovation 
~ think outside the box


To identify and to define the meaning of the word creativity and one of the definition being explored is " the generation of new ideas or a new way of doing things.


" A man paints with his brains and not with his hand. "
                                               ( Michelangels Buonagroti 1475 - 1564 )
Use brain but not imagination.


The another things that we have learned to day is :
Novelty, Creativity, Innovation and Invention
- The creative person is one who generates new ideas while the crreative process is how there new ideas, solutions, and inventions are produced.


" When a child stains paper with colors or rhymes words delighting his parents by his creativity, these activities are original only in the sense that the child learns skills that are new for him. "


Novelty = >
Novelty is the quality of being new. Something novel, a new or strange things. 

Novelty (derived from Latin word novus for "new") is the quality of being new. Although it may be said to have an objective dimension (e.g. a new style of art coming into being, such as abstract art or impressionism) it essentially exists in the subjective perceptions of individuals.

Creativity = >

Creativity refers to the phenomenon whereby something new is created which has some kind of value. What counts as "new" may be in reference to the individual creator, or to the society or domain within which the novelty occurs. What counts as "valuable" is similarly defined in a variety of ways.

Innovation = >
Innovation is the process of making improvements by introducing something new, the realization of a creative idea in a social context.

Innovation comes from the Latin innovātus which means to renew. Innovation can therefore be seen as the process that renews something that exists and not, as is commonly assumed, the introduction of something new.

Invention = >

An invention is a new composition, device, or process. An invention may be derived from a pre-existing model or idea, or it could be independently conceived in which case it may be a radical breakthrough. In addition, there is cultural invention, which is an innovative set of useful social behaviors adopted by people and passed on to others. Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience. 

" The best way to predict your future is to create it ! "
                                                ( Abraham Lincoln )


There are four types of creativity :
- Aesthetic Organizers 
- Boundary Pushers 
- Inventors
- Boundary Barkers 

What is Inventors ?

Inventors is those who take existing knowledge and create new ideas.

Class Activities >>>>>

William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, philanthropist, author and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 8 percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books.

Bill Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although he is admired by many, a number of industry insiders criticize his business tactics, which they consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.

Bill Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman.

" Not much of a paper chase for Microsoft's chairman, who uses a range of digital tools to do business. "

Bill gates' Lessons in Life

1. Life is not fair; get used to it.
2. The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself.
3. You will not make $40,000 a year right out of high school. You won't be a vice president with a car phone, until you earn both. (Hmm, that one must have been written before 1998.)
4. If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss. He doesn't have tenure.
5. Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your grandparents had a different word for burger flipping; they called it opportunity.
6. If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about your mistakes, learn from them.
7. Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now. They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you are. So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parents' generation, try "delousing" the closet in your own room.
8. Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not. In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they'll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life.
9. Life is not divided into semesters. You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself. Do that on your own time.
10. Television is not real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.
11. Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.